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Interface de Desenvolvedor

Esta parte da documentação cobre todas as interfaces do Requests. Para partes onde Requests depende de bibliotecas externas, nós documentamos o mais imoprtante aqui e fornecemos links para a documentação oficial.

Interface principal

Todas as funcionalidades de Requests podem ser acessadas por estes 7 métodos. Todos retornam uma instância de Response.

requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)

Constructs and sends a Request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • method – method for the new Request object.
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • params – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the Request.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • headers – (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the Request.
  • cookies – (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the Request.
  • files – (optional) Dictionary of ‘name’: file-like-objects (or {‘name’: (‘filename’, fileobj)}) for multipart encoding upload.
  • auth – (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
  • timeout – (optional) Float describing the timeout of the request.
  • allow_redirects – (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.
  • proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
  • verify – (optional) if True, the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided.
  • stream – (optional) if False, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
  • cert – (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
<Response [200]>
requests.head(url, **kwargs)

Sends a HEAD request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
requests.get(url, **kwargs)

Sends a GET request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
requests.post(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a POST request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PUT request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PATCH request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
requests.delete(url, **kwargs)

Sends a DELETE request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Classes baixo-nível

class requests.Request(method=None, url=None, headers=None, files=None, data={}, params={}, auth=None, cookies=None, hooks=None)

A user-created Request object.

Used to prepare a PreparedRequest, which is sent to the server.

Parâmetros:
  • method – HTTP method to use.
  • url – URL to send.
  • headers – dictionary of headers to send.
  • files – dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
  • data – the body to attach the request. If a dictionary is provided, form-encoding will take place.
  • params – dictionary of URL parameters to append to the URL.
  • auth – Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
  • cookies – dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
  • hooks – dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
>>> req.prepare()
<PreparedRequest [GET]>
deregister_hook(event, hook)

Deregister a previously registered hook. Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.

prepare()

Constructs a PreparedRequest for transmission and returns it.

register_hook(event, hook)

Properly register a hook.

class requests.Response

The Response object, which contains a server’s response to an HTTP request.

apparent_encoding

The apparent encoding, provided by the lovely Charade library (Thanks, Ian!).

content

Content of the response, in bytes.

cookies = None

A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.

elapsed = None

The amount of time elapsed between sending the request and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta)

encoding = None

Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.

headers = None

Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers. For example, headers['content-encoding'] will return the value of a 'Content-Encoding' response header.

history = None

A list of Response objects from the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.

iter_content(chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False)

Iterates over the response data. When stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for large responses. The chunk size is the number of bytes it should read into memory. This is not necessarily the length of each item returned as decoding can take place.

iter_lines(chunk_size=512, decode_unicode=None)

Iterates over the response data, one line at a time. When stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for large responses.

json(**kwargs)

Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.

Parâmetros:**kwargs – Optional arguments that json.loads takes.

Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any.

raise_for_status()

Raises stored HTTPError, if one occurred.

raw = None

File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage). Requires that ``stream=True` on the request.

status_code = None

Integer Code of responded HTTP Status.

text

Content of the response, in unicode.

if Response.encoding is None and chardet module is available, encoding will be guessed.

url = None

Final URL location of Response.

Sessões de requisição

class requests.Session

A Requests session.

Provides cookie persistience, connection-pooling, and configuration.

Basic Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> s = requests.Session()
>>> s.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
200
auth = None

Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to Request.

cert = None

SSL certificate default.

close()

Closes all adapters and as such the session

delete(url, **kwargs)

Sends a DELETE request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
get(url, **kwargs)

Sends a GET request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
get_adapter(url)

Returns the appropriate connnection adapter for the given URL.

head(url, **kwargs)

Sends a HEAD request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
headers = None

A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each Request sent from this Session.

hooks = None

Event-handling hooks.

max_redirects = None

Maximum number of redirects to follow.

mount(prefix, adapter)

Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.

options(url, **kwargs)

Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
params = None

Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each Request. The dictionary values may be lists for representing multivalued query parameters.

patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PATCH request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
post(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a POST request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
proxies = None

Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy (e.g. {‘http’: ‘foo.bar:3128’}) to be used on each Request.

put(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PUT request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
request(method, url, params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None, auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None, hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None)

Constructs a Request, prepares it and sends it. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • method – method for the new Request object.
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • params – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the Request.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to send in the body of the Request.
  • headers – (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the Request.
  • cookies – (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the Request.
  • files – (optional) Dictionary of ‘filename’: file-like-objects for multipart encoding upload.
  • auth – (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
  • timeout – (optional) Float describing the timeout of the request.
  • allow_redirects – (optional) Boolean. Set to True by default.
  • proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
  • stream – (optional) whether to immediately download the response content. Defaults to False.
  • verify – (optional) if True, the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided.
  • cert – (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.
resolve_redirects(resp, req, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None)

Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses.

send(request, **kwargs)

Send a given PreparedRequest.

stream = None

Stream response content default.

trust_env = None

Should we trust the environment?

verify = None

SSL Verification default.

class requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_connections=10, pool_maxsize=10, max_retries=0)

The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3.

Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will usually be created by the Session class under the covers.

Parâmetros:
  • pool_connections – The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
  • pool_maxsize – The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
  • max_retries – The maximum number of retries each connection should attempt.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> s = requests.Session()
>>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter()
>>> s.mount('http://', a)
add_headers(request, **kwargs)

Add any headers needed by the connection. Currently this adds a Proxy-Authorization header.

This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest to add headers to.
  • kwargs – The keyword arguments from the call to send().
build_response(req, resp)

Builds a Response object from a urllib3 response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter

Parâmetros:
  • req – The PreparedRequest used to generate the response.
  • resp – The urllib3 response object.
cert_verify(conn, url, verify, cert)

Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • conn – The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
  • url – The requested URL.
  • verify – Whether we should actually verify the certificate.
  • cert – The SSL certificate to verify.
close()

Disposes of any internal state.

Currently, this just closes the PoolManager, which closes pooled connections.

get_connection(url, proxies=None)

Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • url – The URL to connect to.
  • proxies – (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
init_poolmanager(connections, maxsize)

Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • connections – The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
  • maxsize – The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
request_url(request, proxies)

Obtain the url to use when making the final request.

If the message is being sent through a proxy, the full URL has to be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.

This shoudl not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest being sent.
  • proxies – A dictionary of schemes to proxy URLs.
send(request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None)

Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest being sent.
  • stream – (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
  • timeout – (optional) The timeout on the request.
  • verify – (optional) Whether to verify SSL certificates.
  • vert – (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
  • proxies – (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.

Exceções

exception requests.RequestException

There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your request.

exception requests.ConnectionError

A Connection error occurred.

exception requests.HTTPError(*args, **kwargs)

An HTTP error occurred.

exception requests.URLRequired

A valid URL is required to make a request.

exception requests.TooManyRedirects

Too many redirects.

Referência de código de status

requests.codes()

Dictionary lookup object.

>>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
307

>>> requests.codes.teapot
418

>>> requests.codes['\o/']
200

Cookies

Codificações

Classes

class requests.Response

The Response object, which contains a server’s response to an HTTP request.

apparent_encoding

The apparent encoding, provided by the lovely Charade library (Thanks, Ian!).

content

Content of the response, in bytes.

cookies = None

A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.

elapsed = None

The amount of time elapsed between sending the request and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta)

encoding = None

Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.

headers = None

Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers. For example, headers['content-encoding'] will return the value of a 'Content-Encoding' response header.

history = None

A list of Response objects from the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.

iter_content(chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False)

Iterates over the response data. When stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for large responses. The chunk size is the number of bytes it should read into memory. This is not necessarily the length of each item returned as decoding can take place.

iter_lines(chunk_size=512, decode_unicode=None)

Iterates over the response data, one line at a time. When stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for large responses.

json(**kwargs)

Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.

Parâmetros:**kwargs – Optional arguments that json.loads takes.
links

Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any.

raise_for_status()

Raises stored HTTPError, if one occurred.

raw = None

File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage). Requires that ``stream=True` on the request.

status_code = None

Integer Code of responded HTTP Status.

text

Content of the response, in unicode.

if Response.encoding is None and chardet module is available, encoding will be guessed.

url = None

Final URL location of Response.

class requests.Request(method=None, url=None, headers=None, files=None, data={}, params={}, auth=None, cookies=None, hooks=None)

A user-created Request object.

Used to prepare a PreparedRequest, which is sent to the server.

Parâmetros:
  • method – HTTP method to use.
  • url – URL to send.
  • headers – dictionary of headers to send.
  • files – dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
  • data – the body to attach the request. If a dictionary is provided, form-encoding will take place.
  • params – dictionary of URL parameters to append to the URL.
  • auth – Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
  • cookies – dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
  • hooks – dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
>>> req.prepare()
<PreparedRequest [GET]>
deregister_hook(event, hook)

Deregister a previously registered hook. Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.

prepare()

Constructs a PreparedRequest for transmission and returns it.

register_hook(event, hook)

Properly register a hook.

class requests.PreparedRequest

The fully mutable PreparedRequest object, containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server.

Generated from either a Request object or manually.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r = req.prepare()
<PreparedRequest [GET]>

>>> s = requests.Session()
>>> s.send(r)
<Response [200]>
body = None

request body to send to the server.

deregister_hook(event, hook)

Deregister a previously registered hook. Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.

headers = None

dictionary of HTTP headers.

hooks = None

dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.

method = None

HTTP verb to send to the server.

path_url

Build the path URL to use.

prepare_auth(auth, url='')

Prepares the given HTTP auth data.

prepare_body(data, files)

Prepares the given HTTP body data.

prepare_cookies(cookies)

Prepares the given HTTP cookie data.

prepare_headers(headers)

Prepares the given HTTP headers.

prepare_hooks(hooks)

Prepares the given hooks.

prepare_method(method)

Prepares the given HTTP method.

prepare_url(url, params)

Prepares the given HTTP URL.

register_hook(event, hook)

Properly register a hook.

url = None

HTTP URL to send the request to.

class requests.Session

A Requests session.

Provides cookie persistience, connection-pooling, and configuration.

Basic Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> s = requests.Session()
>>> s.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
200
auth = None

Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to Request.

cert = None

SSL certificate default.

close()

Closes all adapters and as such the session

delete(url, **kwargs)

Sends a DELETE request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
get(url, **kwargs)

Sends a GET request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
get_adapter(url)

Returns the appropriate connnection adapter for the given URL.

head(url, **kwargs)

Sends a HEAD request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
headers = None

A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each Request sent from this Session.

hooks = None

Event-handling hooks.

max_redirects = None

Maximum number of redirects to follow.

mount(prefix, adapter)

Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.

options(url, **kwargs)

Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
params = None

Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each Request. The dictionary values may be lists for representing multivalued query parameters.

patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PATCH request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
post(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a POST request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
proxies = None

Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy (e.g. {‘http’: ‘foo.bar:3128’}) to be used on each Request.

put(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PUT request. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
  • **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.
request(method, url, params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None, auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None, hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None)

Constructs a Request, prepares it and sends it. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • method – method for the new Request object.
  • url – URL for the new Request object.
  • params – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the Request.
  • data – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to send in the body of the Request.
  • headers – (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the Request.
  • cookies – (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the Request.
  • files – (optional) Dictionary of ‘filename’: file-like-objects for multipart encoding upload.
  • auth – (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
  • timeout – (optional) Float describing the timeout of the request.
  • allow_redirects – (optional) Boolean. Set to True by default.
  • proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
  • stream – (optional) whether to immediately download the response content. Defaults to False.
  • verify – (optional) if True, the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided.
  • cert – (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.
resolve_redirects(resp, req, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None)

Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses.

send(request, **kwargs)

Send a given PreparedRequest.

stream = None

Stream response content default.

trust_env = None

Should we trust the environment?

verify = None

SSL Verification default.

class requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_connections=10, pool_maxsize=10, max_retries=0)

The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3.

Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will usually be created by the Session class under the covers.

Parâmetros:
  • pool_connections – The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
  • pool_maxsize – The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
  • max_retries – The maximum number of retries each connection should attempt.

Usage:

>>> import requests
>>> s = requests.Session()
>>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter()
>>> s.mount('http://', a)
add_headers(request, **kwargs)

Add any headers needed by the connection. Currently this adds a Proxy-Authorization header.

This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest to add headers to.
  • kwargs – The keyword arguments from the call to send().
build_response(req, resp)

Builds a Response object from a urllib3 response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter

Parâmetros:
  • req – The PreparedRequest used to generate the response.
  • resp – The urllib3 response object.
cert_verify(conn, url, verify, cert)

Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • conn – The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
  • url – The requested URL.
  • verify – Whether we should actually verify the certificate.
  • cert – The SSL certificate to verify.
close()

Disposes of any internal state.

Currently, this just closes the PoolManager, which closes pooled connections.

get_connection(url, proxies=None)

Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • url – The URL to connect to.
  • proxies – (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
init_poolmanager(connections, maxsize)

Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • connections – The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
  • maxsize – The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
request_url(request, proxies)

Obtain the url to use when making the final request.

If the message is being sent through a proxy, the full URL has to be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.

This shoudl not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest being sent.
  • proxies – A dictionary of schemes to proxy URLs.
send(request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None)

Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.

Parâmetros:
  • request – The PreparedRequest being sent.
  • stream – (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
  • timeout – (optional) The timeout on the request.
  • verify – (optional) Whether to verify SSL certificates.
  • vert – (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
  • proxies – (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.

Migrando para 1.x

Essa seção detalha as principais diferenças entre 0.x e 1.x e é feita para facilitar a dor da atualização.

Mudanças na API

  • Response.json agora é chamável e não uma propriedade de Response.

    import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
r.json()   # Essa *chamada* levanta uma exceção quando a decodificação do JSON falha

  • A API de Session mudou. Objetos Session não aceitam mais parâmetros. Session agora é capitalizado, mas ainda pode ser instanciado com o session minúsculo para retrocompatibilidade.

    s = requests.Session()    # originalmente, session recebia parâmetros
s.auth = auth
s.headers.update(headers)
r = s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers')

  • Todos os hooks de requisição foram removidos com exceção de ‘response’.

  • Helpers de autenticação foram quebrados em módulos separados. Veja requests-oauthlib and requests-kerberos.

  • O parâmetro para requisições de streaming oram mudados de prefetch para stream e a lógica foi invertida. Além disso, stream agora é exigido para leitura de resposta crua.

    # na 0.x, passando prefetch=False iria realizar a mesma coisa
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json', stream=True)
r.raw.read(10)

  • O parâmetro config dos métodos de requisição foi removido. Algumas das opções agora são configuradas em um objeto Session como keep-alive e o número máximo de redirecionamentos. A opção de verbosidade deve ser manipulada pela configuração de logging.

    import requests
import logging

# essas duas linhas habilitam debugging no nível do httplib (requests->urllib3->httplib)
# você verá o REQUEST, incluindo HEADERS e DATA, e RESPONSE com HEADERS mas sem DATA.
# a única coisa faltando será o response.body que não será registrado.
import httplib
httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

logging.basicConfig() # você precisa inicializar o logging, se não você não verá nada
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log.propagate = True

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/headers')

Licensa

Uma diferença importante que não é relacionada com a API é a mudança da licensa do ISC para a licensa Apache 2.0. A licensa Apache 2.0 garante que as contribuições para requests também estão cobertas pela licensa Apache 2.0.

Requests é uma biblioteca HTTP para Python simples e elegante, feita para seres humanos. Você agora está vendo a documentação de versão de desenvolvimento.

Doe

Se você ama Requests, considere apoiar o autor no Gittip:

Se a sua organização usa Requests, considere suporte financeiro:

Requests Pro

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